Celta Syllabus Assessment Essay - 5688 Words

CELTA Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines Third Edition CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is accredited by Ofqual (the regulator of qualifications, examinations and assessments in England) at level 5 on the Qualifications and Credit Framework. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations 1 Hills Road Cambridge CB1 2EU United Kingdom Email: ESOLhelpdesk@CambridgeESOL.org www.CambridgeESOL.org EMC|2254|0Y12  © UCLES 2010 CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: CELTA SYLLABUS Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................†¦show more content†¦The syllabus consists of five specific topic areas: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Topic 1 Learners and teachers, and the teaching and learning context Topic 2 Language analysis and awareness Topic 3 Language skills: reading, listening, speaking and writing Topic 4 Planning and resources for different teaching contexts Topic 5 Developing teaching skills and professionalism. Assessment overview CELTA is awarded to candidates who have completed the course and who have met the assessment criteria for all written and practical assignments. The overall assessment aims for each topic are that candidates should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. assess learner needs, and plan and teach lessons which take account of learners’ backgrounds, learning preferences and current needs demonstrate language knowledge and awareness and appropriate teaching strategies demonstrate knowledge about language skills and how they may be acquired plan and prepare lessons designed to develop their learners’ overall language competence demonstrate an appropriate range of teaching skills at this level and show professional awareness and responsibility. Assessment framework There are two components, Component One: Planning and teaching and Component Two: Classroom-related written assignments (of which there are four in total). CELTA is internally assessed and externally moderated by a Cambridge ESOL approved assessor, who

The Epic Of The Ramayana - 1443 Words

The Ramayana The story Ramayan is the oldest version, is the basis of all the various versions of the Ramayana that are related to the many cultures. The current text of Valmiki Ramayana is collaboration of two parts from the north and the south of India. Valmiki, the writer of Ramayana has been usually divided into seven books which all are dealing with the life of Rama from his birth date to his death date. The Main hero Rama, was a prince in the city of Ayodya which is the capital of Kosala kingdom, sometimes mentioned to as raghuvansham The storystarts just before his birth and ends after his death when his two sons ascend to power. Dashrath who was the Father of Rama and the the king of kosala, who believed in god and the god had given him strong power to fight against their enemies. He had three queens and four sons named Rama, Lakshaman and Shatrugan (twins), and Bhart. Rama, being the eldest, is being turned-out as the future king. All the brothers were very close to each other, but Lakshmana formed the closest bond with Rama. Together, they are trained in archery. Vishvamitra, one of the famous seven savants acc. To Hindu Mythology. Janaka who was the king of other state, one day made a contest to select the best prince for his daughter Named Sita (also called Janaki). Rama won the contest and returned home to Ayodhya with his new bride. Now ,The time came for Dasaratha to select Rama as the next king. kaikeyi, the third queen of Dasharath, reminded him hisShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of The Ramayana887 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective and approach towards life helps a person resolve infinite conceivable questions, unlock morals and ethics, and approach enlightenment. The Ramayana, a relic with sacred relevance not only to India, but all of humanity, consolidates the innumerable queries by humans, answers them with morality, principals, and philosophical beliefs. This Indian heroic epic poem, comprises of approximately 24,000 verses, is mostly written using the sloka meter and is divided into 7 books, each containing 500 chaptersRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana1270 Words   |  6 PagesChauntise McIntosh Prof. Warren Hum T/Th 1130/1245 INTRO/THESIS The Ramayana is an excellent example of Joseph Campbell’s monomyth, who expresses that it â€Å"marks the physical, mental, and spiritual changes that young women and men undergo as they grow and develop to fill a variety of roles in society† (Whomsley 186) based on cultural dogmas. During this journey of maturation, an in individual must act in accordance with dharma to attain enlightenment. Dharma is the glue, which upholds the universeRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana888 Words   |  4 Pages The Ramayana is a text that plays a major significance in the Hindu tradition. It was written by a Sage named Valmiki between the fifth and fourth century BC. The Ramayana belongs to the genre â€Å"Itihasa† which is the combination of history and myth. It plays a significant role in the lives of most Hindu’s particularly because of the protagonist Ram. Ram, in the traditional telling of the Ramayana is depicted as a man who is loyal and trustworthy. However, in Paley’s adaptation, Ram is the antagonistRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana1285 Words   |  6 PagesGreat books are epic because they are retold in many ways since before 300 BCE. They are retold in various forms in different languages and mediums. Retelling in different languages and media forms makes it understandable for various audiences. For example, the Ramayana has been rewritten by R.K Narayan in a short prose from the original 24000 verses to 7 Kandas of the Ramayana written by Sage Valmiki (Rao 2005, 7616). Unlike the modern Bollywood version called Raavan which had been retold visuallyRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana Of Valmiki865 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ramayana of Valmiki is one of the great Hindu epics in literature and has greatly influenced Indian society. According to M.V. Kamath, a veteran indian journalist â€Å"The Ramayana is not just a story: it presents India s culture, its philosophical foundation in all its variety and glory. As Hinduism spread in South-east Asia, so did the Ramayana, in countries like Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar and Malaysia.† The influence of the epic poem has has been profoundly strengthenedRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana1666 Words   |  7 Pages The Ramayana shares a story about how the character, Rama goes about his life following the rules of the caste system. During his journey of life he shows many different levels of the caste system. Rama is able to display moral righteousness by sparing Vibishana’s life, asking for peace with Ravana in an attempt to avoid war, and by not killing Ravana during the battle when he is faint. He also shows courage by going to battle with Ravana to get Sita back. Spiritual purity is apparent whenRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ramayana is more than just a religious text. While it is blatantly rooted in Hindu culture and practice, a myriad of lessons and points from the Ramayana apply to human life on a much more general scale. Narayan’s piece portrays the complexity of human relationships, moral decisions, and the blurring lines between what is considered ‘good’ and what is considered ‘evil’. Numerous elements of the Ramayana exemplify these common themes but it is particularly noticeable in the relationships betweenRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Ramayana1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh and The Ramayana, we find protagonists who commit deeds of treachery in the name of slaying a monster. These slayings seem justified at first; however, as we examine them further we find that they are no more than heinous acts in the name of asserting power over the other. Both Gilgamesh and Rama kill monsters in the name of supporting what they believe in, but their beliefs are not always justified. When we closely examine the scenes of the monster slayings in both epics, weRead MoreIndian Hindu Epics Mahabharata And Ramayana1537 Words   |  7 PagesIt has been proclaimed that the most elevated form of literature can be found in the Indian Hindu epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. Hinduism as broad as a culture or way of living and as narrow as a religious identity has found its way to generations through literature. Literature, especially Indian, has its crux implanted in the Hindu beliefs and ideas as the Indian way of life is the Hindu way. The essay basically focuses on the way Hinduism has crept into literary writings. It brings out the waysRead MoreAn Incident And Characters Of The Great Epic Of Valmiki The Ramayana997 Words   |  4 PagesManishada is based on an incident and characters of the great epic of Valmiki The Ramayana. Manishada[nay wild hunter] is an utterance of big bang proscription in Sanskrit against violence and conducts without love. It is an utterance from the depth of heart of Valmiki for love and compassion to the entire flora and fauna of universe. Karnad chooses a mi nor character from the epic makes it the main character of his play. Looking at it from a different and new point of view, Karnad creates a play

America Before and After Revolution Free Essays

The way of life in the colonies before the Revolution was far more different than the way of life after the war. The colonies were completely run by Britain and didn’t have to fend for their own needs. Trading, taxing, and other parts of the economy were run by the mother-country. We will write a custom essay sample on America Before and After Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, during the Revolutionary War, idealists like Thomas Paine produced concepts that fruited the idea for a more republican society. These new beliefs were reflected in the Declaration of Independence, after the war it played a huge part in the Articles of Confederation, and it was later the ideas established in the American Constitution. In the years before the Revolution, the colonies were still growing. The New World was a melting pot for different European cultures and social status played a huge part in how people viewed each other. Even though the colonists left Britain to escape social structure, they found themselves once again ranking people by how educated they were or how much money or land they had. The landowners were better off than the widowed, the poor and the indentured servants. But it was possible for citizens to earn their way into a higher class. Much like after the Revolution, the slaves had no worth and were at the bottom of the pyramid. Education was only offered for men to prepare them for ministry and it taught them the dead language of Latin that was important for interpreting the Bible’s scriptures. The link to religion was prominent in politics as well. A majority of the colonies were run by Parliament appointed officials that had close ties to the established churches of the colonies. The early years of the colonies were revolved around religion and were greatly affected by how England ran their government. England’s hierarchical society was all that the colonist knew and it wouldn’t be for a hundred years before they would find new ways to establish the colonies. Trading in the colonies was heavily intertwined with Britain. No trading with other countries was permitted unless it went through England’s ports first. The  British Empire  used them as a source of raw resources and as a source of taxes to pay for  Britain’s many wars and ventures. However, agriculture, fishing, lumbering and other industries had a large impact on the development of the Americas. It was the first time that the colonies were producing things by themselves and providing their own goods helped instill confidence in the colonists. The American Revolution forever changed the colonies. The colonies were now a loosely united group of states, called the United States of America, and colonists now considered themselves American instead of English. The common man was given more rights and control. Laws like primogeniture were abolished and people were able to tend to their affairs freely. The institution of slavery was weakened and some Northern states even abolished it. After the American Revolution, America was free to industrialize and sell goods to other countries at more favorable prices, no longer being locked into an unfair trading monopoly with the British. Industry and manufacturing increased because of the high demand from other countries, thus broadening their amount of trade. Financial wizards like Alexander Hamilton led the States into what would be one of the most economically dominant countries of the world. How to cite America Before and After Revolution, Papers

My Favorite Athletes free essay sample

Tyson by Frank Mel Im sorry to say this, because I know how many people will be disgusted by my content, but please give me a chance and consider what I have to say. I am a huge boxing fan, I am especially fascinated with heavyweights and I have done my research so everything I say has some historical evidence behind it. What I want to convey is that I am truly convinced that a young Mike Tyson was the most powerful, gifted, and successful weights champion of all time, and yes, better than Muhammad All. I know how many people are already upset, so let me pause and give some credit to All. He was a revolutionary boxer, no doubt a talent, he had great speed, defense and combinations, but I say with absolute confidence that a 20-year- old Tyson would knock out a prime All. Now, I bet I can anticipate your argument, many are saying Tyson?!?! Yea right, All had 5+ inches on him and 9 in reach and unbelievable speed and heart. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Athletes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, to address these arguments. First Mike Tyson standing at only 510 did have what many would call a, height and reach disadvantage but in reality, this, disadvantage was really a huge advantage for Tyson. Tyson, Having a shorter body allowed for him to be able to pack on more cycle than his 63+ opponents and made him more mobile than most boxers and therefore harder to hit. Having only 71 inch reach also gave Tyson much more leverage and hand speed, which in turn gave Tyson his notorious punching power. Tycoons height never hurt him, he easily knocked out guys as tall as 66 and 67 who also had 30+ pounds on him, guys like David Coco and Sammy Scoff. Tyson, is also widely considered the most explosive man ever in boxing, his hooks and uppercuts were devastatingly powerful and were responsible for 50 professional knockouts and nettles other amateur knockouts. Going back to the Muhammad All matches, I honestly dont think All would stand a chance. Tyson would use his famous aggressive peek-a-boo technique, made famous by cuss tomato and would aggressively land body and face combinations, which would demolish All, All did not have punching power or good enough defense to stop the dominant Tyson. Whats more is Tyson had the advantage of 25 years of advancement in boxing training and development of the sport. I believe Tyson would win because he was a very well-trained, incredibly rueful, agile brute, with impeccable defense who had anger in his heart which he could trace back to his childhood. I believe All has assumed the title of greatest boxer ever because the public loved him, he was a good looking, charismatic, athlete who did, as I must admit, accomplish great feats, and Tyson did not receive this accolade because of 3 reasons, first Buster Douglas, his first loss after 37 straight wins, a fight in which Tyson had very little time to prepare and because of this was quiet out of shape,(not to mention the very questionable officiating). 2nd Desire Washington. This Oman send him to prison for 3 years, a time in which Tyson would have presumably been peaking as an athlete, but instead he was sitting in a Jail cell all day getting older and out of shape. And finally, 3rd , the way Tycoons career ended was truly pitifully. Realistically Tycoons career probably should have ended in 1996 or 1997, unfortunately Tyson continued to fight until 2005 (when he was 40 years old and So there it is. Everything Vive wanted to say on the matter. Please dont take any of this the wrong way, this was all simply my opinion, You of course are entitled to your own, so tell me what you think.

Just another School Day free essay sample

What does a regular school day in your life look like? Alarm goes off at six o’clock a.m., you rush to get everything done in fifteen minutes, hop in the car, get to school, attend your classes, see your friends, etc.? Sounds like a pretty typical day. Here’s my school day: wake up at seven o’clock, eat breakfast while reading some of my book, get dressed and brush my teeth, then get to work, moving through each course at my own pace. Sometimes I’ll start with algebra, other days I’ll begin with something simple like vocabulary or grammar. Whether a subject takes fifteen minutes or two hours, each course teaches me something new and challenges me. Also, with the click of a button, I can go to a threaded discussion and talk with new and old friends in my school—at any time! Sounds like a unique sort of day? Actually, kids all over the country can experience this sort of school day through an online learning program called K12. We will write a custom essay sample on Just another School Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that this learning environment is beneficial academically and socially to kids of all ages because it is offers a way to learn without the hassles and let downs of public schools. I wasn’t too thrilled when my mom informed me that I would be attending a Drama Club hosted by two K12 moms. It was a class for kids of all ages to learn about drama and take on some acting roles. I did not know anyone in the class, and was naturally shy and introverted on the first day. However, many of the kids seemed to know each other and laughter and happy chatter filled the room that day. I found that, as the weeks passed, I was soon laughing and chatting away as well with my new friends, giving them hugs when it was time to leave. Not all of these friends were just my age and gender, though. There were girls of all ages, and five boys brave enough to participate, but they all got along with the fifteen girls in the class. Because of the large group, I felt more comfortable attending other school events because I knew that someone from Drama Club would be there, such as the last park day of the summer for new and old K12 kids. There were several friends from Drama that came running up to us and gave me hugs. It was nice to go and not be a new, shy student but rather someone that could open up to new kids there that day. That bond of friendship between kids who were very unlike me or younger helped me feel more open to all of the kids I met in K12. Socially, K12 is a safe way to go because you do not run into many friendship problems and you get along well with other kids in the program. When I ended my eighth grade year, I knew that I would have to make some friends in the K12 high school since most of my friends were still in middle school. Because most of my friends were from Drama Club were much younger than me, all but one would still be in middle school so I would not have too much more interaction through K12 with them. My chance came when I went to the high school orientation at a local college. There were about thirty other kids there, all milling about the outdoor courtyard at the college, talking about their interests and laughing over little jokes or a found similarity. One of the girls I talked to, Frankie, had been in my CSAP group the year before, as well as two other girls that I had seen at CSAP. Dillon, one of the boys that my friend and I met, introduced us to some of his friends, as well. You could immediately tell that some kids bonded with others really well. They were all friendly, and we socialized for a few minutes before the teachers yelled out to go talk to someone new. There were all ages of high school kids there that day, some shy, some open and talkative. A lot of them seemed as clueless as me as to how the year would turn out. â€Å"I have no idea what this year is going to be like,† I said to many of them. â€Å"Don’t worry,† they usually replied, a knowing smile on their face. â€Å"I don’t either.† It felt good to know that whatever happened, there were other kids out there who could support me because they really understood what I was going through. Other social aspects of K12 are the threaded discussions and Class Connects hosted by our teachers. A threaded discussion is a place for students to go and talk about hobbies, movies, books, and even school related things. While the teachers monitor these discussions, students have free range to talk of whatever they like without having to answer questions and prompts of teachers. Class Connects are like online chat rooms where a teacher can answer questions of students regarding school work, and students also have a chance to interact in these settings. â€Å"Meeting† other kids online is more comfortable, eliminating the embarrassment and awkward silences of meeting face to face for the first time. And it is always really cool to meet someone at a social event and say, â€Å"Hey, I talk to you on the history threaded discussion!† People have often asked me what it is like to be part of an online school. Most of them don’t realize that just because I am schooled at home does not mean that I do not have any friends or that the work is too easy. I am always delighted to see their faces take on a surprised look as I tell them that I do indeed have many friends through my school, and that the work is very challenging. I work from eight o’clock in the morning until almost three o’clock in the afternoon, completing lessons in algebra, literary analysis and composition, physical science, physical education, world history, and fine art. Although sometimes I do wonder what it would be like to go to a public school. While it might be nice to be in a setting with so many other kids my age, I enjoy being at home in my day and being able to create my own work schedule. The bottom line is, I think that schooling online is a wonderful way to learn because you can work at your own pace in your own home. While you don’t have a ton of interaction with other kids all day long, there are plenty of opportunities to make new friends. Being part of an online school has been a great experience for me. I love how uniform it is and how much easier to organize than homeschooling. All of the students are different and unique, and it is really great to get to know kids of all ages. The school work is challenging but often times enjoyable, and it teaches me how to be self motivated and driven in life. All in all being part of K12 has opened my eyes to new experiences and learning techniques that kids should continue to benefit from.

Distribution essays

Distribution essays Since the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1990 it has grown from a means of communicating for physicists to having more than forty million users. This tremendous growth and interest in the Internet can only mean that great opportunities lie ahead for companies and their products. Digital marketing is changing how businesses are able to get their product to the consumer. It is allowing the channels of distribution to become shorter. In order to understand the channels of distribution and how they are becoming shorter, the concept must be explained. The traditional channels of distribution consist of the product, producer, wholesaler, retailer, and the consumer. This means that first there is a product. Then there has to be someone to produce the product. The product is usually produced in mass quantity. Then the wholesaler purchases the product from the producer and then sells it to the retailer at an increased price. The retailer then advertises the product to promote it to the consumer. The retailer also sells the product to the consumer at an increased price. This process makes for very long channels with increased costs of the products. Digital marketing has changed the flow of distribution channels. It has done this by allowing the channels to become shorter. Products may pass directly from the producer to the consumer, via a digital marketer. This means that instead of having multiple channels in distribution there might just be three. Producer, virtual marketer and consumer. It could also be just producer and consumer (Kleindl, Brad, 1996:10). One of the ways that digital marketing can shorten the channels of distribution is by eliminating the retailer and the intermediate wholesaler. The producer will be able to deliver the product directly to the consumer with the help of the digital marketer and the shipper of the product. This means decreased time periods and also allows the producer to produce ...

Learning Intention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learning Intention - Essay Example I try to anticipate the various events that I must go through such as delivering verbal instructions, using teaching aids or other resources in order to augment the learning process. In a somewhat similar manner, the teacher has to be sensitive to what concepts and content is delivered in the class. Modern classrooms are multiracial, multilingual and posses a number of ethnicities and socio economic backgrounds. The individual identity of each student in class must be preserved by paying careful attention to the delivered content. Additionally the teacher must also keep abreast of student’s learning by monitoring it. It is often cumbersome for me to monitor each individual student in my class so I use groups to assess how well each student in class is doing. In order to pose a more innovative teaching stance, I create various hypotheses relating to student behavior, instructional medium and style and test them out both qualitatively and quantitatively as applicable. This allows me to learn more about students and their styles of learning (Hattie, 2012). Above everything else, being a teacher I show the utmost respect for all members of the school including staff, students and faculty. The teacher has to project a friendly identity that is warm and inviting for students so that they can take learning to a more personal

Sexual Orientation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexual Orientation - Essay Example They believe that it is imperative that the controversial issues be handled head on so that everyone concerned is able to live with relative harmony. Sexual preferences have become major issues which promote widespread inequality, thereby, necessitating an urgent need to address this in the wider interest of the society. The essay would be critically assessing the three articles on these issues taken from the book "The meaning of difference: American constructions of race, sex and gender, social class, and sexual orientation" by Karen E. Rosenblum and Toni-Michelle C. Travis. ‘The naming of sexual attraction’, an article by Michael R. Kauth, explores the sexual orientation of the people through the ages and its evolution, both in terms of acknowledgement and acceptance by the society. Kauth has maintained that sexual attraction had always been a sensitive issue that was intrinsically bound within the religious and cultural paradigms of the society. The language and the words play crucial role in defining the overall meaning to sexual orientation or behaviour. According to the article, in the 19th century, the term homosexuality was ‘adopted by psychiatrists and medical practitioners to identify a type of psychopathology and, consequently, this term implies sickness, aberrance and immaturity’ (Kauth1). Apart from the medical professionals, the powerful groups of people, who have considerable influence on the public, are the main decisive powers that define and confine the role of ‘sexual attraction’. Hence, it is for this reason that social paradigms and social values often reflect the views and ideologies of the few prominent people in power, which are carried forward through the times. In the ancient time, ‘gay’ was used to describe gaiety and happiness by the roman soldiers. Before the 19th century, sexuality or sexual preference

Referee report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Referee report - Essay Example The study found that M & As provides a positive impact on systemic risks for the transfer function estimation based on aggregate Z-score. Other evidence from the history and empirical findings favoured the efficiency hypothesis as opposed to the hypothesis of the imminent failure. The authors assessed how Banking system over relying on merger guidelines based on Herfndahl-Hirshman Index might curb the possibility of increasing risks associated with M & As. The understanding of risks and stability for banks undergoing merger and acquisition has drawn immense attention hence widely published in the banking empirical literature. The area of study is important for strategies in the banking sectors as well as the investors to devise methods that assess the possibilities of securing risks or attaining stability after merger and acquisition. Most of the empirical and theoretical framework was relevant with the exception of a few materials and concepts used by the author. However, I believe the area studied is very important. Therefore, I wish to illustrate and give my personal views as follows: 1. I am not sure whether the probabilistic model proposed and developed by the author as a mean of analysing the relationship between the systemic stability and the merger of banking system can provide the function it was proposed to offer. 2. The reason relates to the description of the model. The authors assert that the model uses a theoretical framework in establishing the differences between the imminent failure hypothesis and the efficiency hypothesis. One would wonder how they measured the levels of failure in the banks. Using financial distress, and bank failure as the indicator is relative and not objective. 3. Besides the model uses the assumption that when banks have low levels of probability for failure, they are likely to experience reduced systemic crises, and contagious bank runs, which were not substantiated appropriately as would be expected (Carlton and

Salvation Army: Stakeholder Analysis

Salvation Army: Stakeholder Analysis EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This essay is basically about the stakeholders of the Salvation Army case study written by Alex Murdock. It involves a breakdown of the work of the Salvation Army and the different stakeholders involved in the organisation. The first section is an introduction on the works of the Salvation Army and then moves on to discuss the different stakeholders of the Salvation Army in terms of their interest and power in the organisation. The next section discusses the major stakeholders and what they expect from the Salvation Army in terms of how there handle things. The last section presents a critical review on the importance of stakeholder management to any organisation and how to maintain an effective stakeholder relationship. THE SALVATION ARMY, A GLOBAL NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANISATION INTRODUCTION The Salvation Army can be described as an international movement and as an evangelical part of the universal Christian Church. It is also seen as a global non-profit organisation which was founded by William Booth and his wife Catherine in 1865 in London and has spread to other parts of the world. The primary aim of the organisation is to preach the good news about Jesus Christ and persuade people to become his followers. The Salvation Army shows care and concern for the needs of people despite their sex, age, race, status or colour. The mission statement of the Salvation Army (2004) The Salvation Army, an international movement, is an evangelical part of the universal church. Its message is based on the Bible. Its ministry is motivated by love for God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ and meet human needs in his name without discrimination. The movement works in 109 countries and provides services in 175 different languages. The army also has some distinctive characteristics which set it apart from other Christian organisations one of which is its adoption of a quasi-military structure which is derived from spiritual warfare and reflects in the use of ranks, uniforms and flags. The actual work of the Salvation Army is not just evangelistic but is deeply focused on the relief of poverty and the provision of practical, cost-effective and skilled services. The Salvation Army provides a variety of programme-based services worldwide and their social service has become very important to the extent that the UK annual report affirmed that it was the second largest provider of social service after the government. One of the major services they provide is the residential service which is widely provided in different forms and the largest form is the facility for homeless people. They also provide residential accommodation for eve ry possible individual ranging from mother and baby to elderly and disabled and in 2003, there were altogether over 600 separate facilities with a total capacity of nearly 32,000. Mostly for the elderly people, they provide remand homes and day care for the little ones. Due to the armys focus on addiction dependency, lots of residential and day care resources have been developed to help extensively in addiction problems. The Salvation Army has been very helpful in a lot of other aspects apart from providing structures there provided counselling services for clients whom other agencies are reluctant to assist such as alcoholics, drug addicts. In especially the UK, the Salvation Army has been fully involved in the missing person services. The Salvation Army is a holiness movement and says that Salvationists should: Earnestly strive to become wholly devoted and obedient to God, strong and upright, true, pure, kind, loving and humble in one word, holy, like Jesus. Salvation Army (2009) IDENTIFY ALL STAKEHOLDERS AND CONSTRUCT A POWER/ INTEREST MATRIX A stakeholder is any entity, internal or external, who could directly or indirectly affect your organization or be affected by your organisation (Romeo 2008). This means any person or organisation that can positively or negatively impact the actions of a company, government or organisations. They are people that have shares or interest in an organisation and are also involved in the control and decision making of the organisation. There different types of stakeholders are: Primary Stakeholders these are people that are ultimately affected either positively or negatively by an organisations actions. Secondary Stakeholders these are intermediaries i.e. those indirectly affected by the organisations actions. Key Stakeholders people that have significant influence within the organisation and there can belong to the two groups above. The stakeholders of the Salvation Army are listed below: Employees, Government, Volunteers, Donors, Board Members, Other Non Profit Organisations, Funders, Church and Members, Media, Armed Forces, UK National Lottery, The Public, Competitors, Clients/ Consumers, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Religious Groups, Individual Government bodies, The Councils. When looking at the stakeholder analysis, we need to consider the level of interest and the level of power the stakeholders have. Power depends on how much the stakeholder can bring to promote the army and Interest depends on how important the stakeholder sees the army. A stakeholder analysis is a process of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account when developing and implementing a policy or program (Best 2007: 2). It is useful in identifying key actors and assessing their knowledge, interests and power in relation to the organisation. These stakeholders or interested parties can usually be grouped into the following categories: international, public, national political, commercial/private, nongovernmental organization (NGO)/civil society, labour, and users/ consumers (Schmeer, 2000 cited in Best 2007: 2). STAKEHOLDER POWER/INTEREST MATRIX A matrix is used to organise or classify the stakeholder data. It provides a short analysis of which stakeholder will gain or lose from the organisation. Low Level of Interest High B Keep Informed A Minimal EffortLow D Key Players C Keep Satisfiedpower High This map is divided into four sections: low interest/low power, high interest/low power, high power/low interest and high power/high interest. Group A- low power and low interest in the Salvation Army so there require little or no effort and attention e.g. people, UK national lottery which has no interest or power in the organisation. Group B- low power and high interest in the organisation so there need to be kept informed by the Salvation Army because there have high interest but little power to control what goes on in the organisation e.g. volunteers, armed forces Group C- high power and low interest so the Salvation Army has to keep them informed on a regular basis and satisfied e.g. NGOs, media Group D- high power and high interest in the Salvation Army so there require loads of attention and effort because of their importance e.g. government, councils. The Salvation Army needs to be aware of a key player with a strong opposition. The analysis consists of the identified stakeholders bring arranged in a table according to the extent and level of power and interest there have in the organisation. According to Johnson and Scholes (2002:208), power/interest matrix imply the political priorities for managing stakeholders relationships by assessing the level of interest and power for each stakeholder. ASSESS THE EXPECTATIONS OF EACH GROUP OF STAKEHOLDERS Non profit organisations are often thought of as seeking effectiveness and efficiency in equal measure (Drucker 1990). The donors, public agencies funding this organisations, employees and managers who work for these organisations often have high expectations about their ability to make an impact on the areas in which there are involved. The extent to which there provide services and affect community issues is an important measure of the effectiveness of these organisations. There are difficulties when trying to identify stakeholder expectations in not- for- profit organisations (Fletcher et al 2003). The decisions about the purpose and strategy of an organisation are influenced by the expectations of stakeholders (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2008). This could be a challenge because of the possibility of many stakeholders having different expectations which could lead to conflict especially in a large organisation like the Salvation Army. MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR EXPECTATIONS In this Salvation Army case, the major stakeholders are mostly those with high interest and high power which are: the church, donors, the government, army officers (uniformed and non- uniformed), media, individual government bodies, the high council, the generals consultative council, the international management council. Church The church could be seen as the major stakeholder because as the founder of the Salvation Army, they are in charge of most of the activities and services that the Salvation Army does. Media The media highlighted the governments views and added to the banning of the Salvation Army e.g. the press made attempts by the government to ban Salvation Army in Russia. Donors the Salvation Army is a non-profit organisation so it depends largely on donations and grants. The resourcing needs of the salvation army will likely increase as the demands increase so the donors support the organisation by making donations and there expect it to be put to good use e.g. Joan Kroc made a donation of 1.5billion dollars which was the worlds largest single charity donation. This donation however raised some questions and caused a bit of conflict between the donor and the organisation on the limits of acceptability. Government The government has supported the organisation and has attempted to support its needs. They have major expectations there want to see manifested in the Salvation Army. The government have high power and high interest because they are in charge of certain standards, and if these standards are not met, they carry out their penalties. Individual Government Bodies The government assists the Salvation Army in their fund raising campaigns. Some of these individual government bodies include social services like the Red Cross and various health organisations and they provide assistance when the Salvation Army needs it. This group of people are key stakeholders that can influence and affect the work of the organisation so it is important that their expectations are met. In the case study, the government body in Russia had the power to ban the Salvation Army from their country because they did not like the way things were going on and this brought about some problems. In the UK and USA, the Salvation Army is recognised and strongly supported which allows them to operate much easier. The individual government bodies have a certain ways things are done in their countries and expect the Salvation Army to adhere to it or it could lead to lack of support from the body which could hinder the work of the organisation. Army Officers These are employees of the organisation (professionals and non-professionals) who are paid very little for the work there do. There are expected to be very dedicated to the organisation and achieve their objectives. The High Council: The High Council consists of all active territorial commissioners and their major responsibility was to elect a new general when the present one who is the head of the army is unfit to continue. The second in command who is the chief executive has the responsibility of executing the policy decisions of the general and produce a relationship between departments. They meet anywhere convenient for them in the UK. The Generals Consultative Council: This council is made up of qualified people responsible for making sure policies are consistent on a national scale and advice on the mission, strategy and policies of the Salvation Army. They meet regularly and work electronically through the use of lotus notes, emails. The International Management Council: this council focuses on how effective and efficient the international headquarters operates and usually meet monthly. The councils expectations are somewhat the same and even though the headquarters of the Salvation Army is in London, there is autonomy in each territory and no interference from each of them. Regardless of this, there always put the mission of the Salvation Army first before they make their decisions. WHY IS STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT SO CRUCIAL TO ANY ORGANISATION? A stakeholder is basically an individual or a group of people that has one or more different kinds of stakes in the organisation and this makes their management very important (Carroll and Buchholtz 2009). Managers have recognised that different stakeholder groups in an organisation have to be satisfied in other to meet their goals (Carroll and Buchholtz 2009). Stakeholder management has long been recognised as an essential part of the effectiveness of an organisation whether public/private sector or profit making/non- profit making. It involves building and maintaining the active support and commitment of the stakeholders to facilitate the timely implementation of change in an organisation (OGC 2005). The important functions of stakeholder management are to describe, to analyze, to understand and finally to manage (Carroll and Buchholtz 2009). Preston and Donaldson (1999) argue that stakeholder management can enhance organizational wealth and that economic benefits can be generated by positive relationships between an organization and its stakeholders. OGC (2005) is of the opinion that stakeholder management includes four things: stakeholder assessment and stakeholder mapping, identification of key concerns, risks and mitigating actions, monitoring stakeholder plan and using output of stakeholder mapping for communications and other interventions. It enables managers to ensure that the strategic and operational direction of an organization addresses stakeholder perceptions (Fletcher 2003). Stakeholder Management is very crucial to any organisation because it helps us to understand the important role of managing and informing stakeholders. It will ensure that key stakeholders and their interests are identified and strategies are developed to engage with them (NHS) Managers and organisations developed a set of principles of stakeholder management to provide managers with ways to treat stakeholders (Carroll and Buchholtz 2009: 111). These principles are known as the Clarkson Principles and in other to build an effective stakeholder relationship; managers need to adopt the following characteristics: acknowledge, monitor, listen, communicate, adopt, recognize, work, avoid and acknowledge conflicts (Carroll and Buchholtz 2009). It helps to integrate a variety of perspectives and provides a guide to organisations on how to manage their stakeholders (Donaldson 2002). Stakeholders are recognised as very important people in public and non-profit orgs which commonly have a more diverse group of stakeholders than private for profit organisations making it more difficult to identify strategic issues (Bryson 1995). Having a good relationship with stakeholders unites organisations, fosters partnership working, helps organisations to prioritise and meet their aims. The three important elements necessary for effective stakeholder relationships are leadership, communication and staff (MORI 2009). Stakeholder management involves identifying and classifying stakeholders and as a result of this facilitates an engagement with them in a coordinated manner. This engagement involves identifying different categories of stakeholders, gathering information about them, identifying their missions in a project, determining their strengths and weaknesses, identifying their strategies, predicting their behaviour and developing and implementing a strategy for managing the se stakeholders (Cleland 2002 cited in Chinyio and Olomolaiye 2010). In conclusion, the stakeholder management is seen as a two way interaction or exchange of influence because just as the strategies, policies, decisions and actions of the organisation can affect stakeholders, so can the stakeholders affect the organisation (Carroll and Buchholtz 2009). The key to managing stakeholders is a good understanding of their current circumstances and which factors influence them over others. This then allows the approach to managing stakeholders to be tailored to achieve maximum benefit. In particular feedback channels are crucial as this allows distinct management techniques to be utilized dependant on the feedback being received. One criticism of stakeholder management is that it is a very demanding and time consuming process to attend to each stakeholder needs and ensure their satisfaction. Also, it could be very complex when classifying each stakeholder and trying to determine whose claims takes priority in any situation (Carroll and Buchholtz 2009). In the case of the Salvation Army, it is important to maintain a good relationship with the stakeholders because they play a very essential role to the organisation. Organisations need to plan for the future which is what the Salvation Army has done and is still doing to ensure that the poor and needy are well catered to.

Online Communities :: Technology Internet Communication

Online Communities "Now, please, everyone lock your wings, let the air out of your shoes and prepare for a period of stimulated exhilaration! Everybody ready? Let’s get in ‘sync’ for our Flight To The Future! (Reid)" Welcome to the 21st century. Everything is changing very quickly in nowadays. Many unbelievable things are happening right now. We are getting college credits without attending classes everyday. Instead of going to schools with heavy bag packs, we just stay at home and take classes through the Internet. The Internet is the most fastest transportation system. It takes us to different countries in five seconds. What we do is just clicking on the mouse and it shows us all the wonderful places that we only dreamed about before. Without paying thousand of dollars for air tickets, we can see all the wonderful and different things by clicking the mouse. Without spending hours and hours in the school library to do research, we can just sit in front of the computer and click on the mouse. Since we are in the 21st century, our research paper topic has been changed. We are not writing about our lover or hero anymore. We are writing a paper about online community, which is very new to some people like me. When Professor Cross was talking about online communities, I had no idea what she was talking about. "Can I just write about my dreams or about my parents instead? I have so much to talk about my dream but not online community. Online community? What is that? Is it something like Korean American Community in Los Angeles?" I started to panic. Online Community did not make sense to me all at. Community means a group of people who live in the same area. Then what is online community? My own definition of online community was a place where computer nerds got together and talked about new computer technology. I was pretty sure that online community was not a place for me to join because I was not a computer nerd. After I searched on the Internet, I got an idea of online community. Online Community area is an electronic meeting place where people share important information. They do not physically meet together like other communities, but they go to same place on the net. Online community is a program that allows global real-time communication in writing via networked personal computers. Online Communities :: Technology Internet Communication Online Communities "Now, please, everyone lock your wings, let the air out of your shoes and prepare for a period of stimulated exhilaration! Everybody ready? Let’s get in ‘sync’ for our Flight To The Future! (Reid)" Welcome to the 21st century. Everything is changing very quickly in nowadays. Many unbelievable things are happening right now. We are getting college credits without attending classes everyday. Instead of going to schools with heavy bag packs, we just stay at home and take classes through the Internet. The Internet is the most fastest transportation system. It takes us to different countries in five seconds. What we do is just clicking on the mouse and it shows us all the wonderful places that we only dreamed about before. Without paying thousand of dollars for air tickets, we can see all the wonderful and different things by clicking the mouse. Without spending hours and hours in the school library to do research, we can just sit in front of the computer and click on the mouse. Since we are in the 21st century, our research paper topic has been changed. We are not writing about our lover or hero anymore. We are writing a paper about online community, which is very new to some people like me. When Professor Cross was talking about online communities, I had no idea what she was talking about. "Can I just write about my dreams or about my parents instead? I have so much to talk about my dream but not online community. Online community? What is that? Is it something like Korean American Community in Los Angeles?" I started to panic. Online Community did not make sense to me all at. Community means a group of people who live in the same area. Then what is online community? My own definition of online community was a place where computer nerds got together and talked about new computer technology. I was pretty sure that online community was not a place for me to join because I was not a computer nerd. After I searched on the Internet, I got an idea of online community. Online Community area is an electronic meeting place where people share important information. They do not physically meet together like other communities, but they go to same place on the net. Online community is a program that allows global real-time communication in writing via networked personal computers.

African Reaction to Colonialism Through Resistance and Collaboration Essay

By the end of World War I, most of Africa had been effectively colonized. European colonialists had managed to quell the efforts by Africans to resist the establishment of colonial rule. The next two decades, the period historians call the inter-war years, were relatively quiet years in colonial Africa. This relative quiet, however, did not indicate that the colonized people of Africa were happy with colonial rule-that there was no opposition to colonialism. During the inter-war years opposition to colonialism was expressed in one of the following forms: Demands for opportunity and inclusion: Many Africans at this time accepted the reality of colonial rule but they did not accept the harsh discrimination and the lack of opportunity that was a central part of the colonial experience. Opposition to these aspects of colonialism was particularly strong among educated Africans. Educated Africans believed that â€Å"all humans are created equal. Discriminatory colonial policies and practice restricted economic opportunities and participation in the political process. During this period, educated Africans formed organizations to promote their interest for an end to discriminatory policies and for an increase in opportunities. However, these organizations had limited membership, and they did not make radical demands for the end of colonial rule. The South African National Congress and the West African National Congress (Nigeria/Ghana) are examples of elite African organizations. Religious opposition: A number of the early anti-colonial up-risings featured in the last section were led by religious leaders. The Chimurenga (Zimbabwe) and Maji-Maji (Tanganyika) uprisings were led by African priests who were strongly opposed to colonial rule. This tradition of religious opposition to colonialism continued throughout the 20th century. However, unlike the earlier acts of religious resistance, the new opposition was led by African Christians. African Christians took seriously the Christian teachings on equality and fairness-values that were not practiced by colonial regimes. By the 1920s, some African Christian leaders were forming their own churches, sometimes called African Independent Churches. These churches that were formed in Southern, Eastern, Central and West Africa, provided a strong voice for justice. One of many examples is the Kimbaguist Christian Church formed in the Congo by Simon Kimbangu in the 1920s. In spite of Kimbangu’s imprisonment for many years by the Belgians, the Kimbanguist church grew rapidly. When the Congo became independent in 1960, the church had a membership of over one million. Economic opposition: During this time period economic opposition was often not well organized. However, there were attempts in the 1920s and 1930s by mine workers in southern Africa and port workers in West and East Africa to organize into unions. While important, these activities had little impact on the majority of African peoples. Of greater impact were the less organized but more widespread efforts of African farmers to resist colonial demands on their labor and their land. Module Nine: African Economies provides an example of how small scale African farmers in Mali quietly, but effectively, resisted the attempts by colonial officials to control the production of cotton. Mass protests: During the inter-war era, there were few mass protests against colonial policies. One of the most important and interesting exceptions was the Aba Women’s War that took place in southeastern Nigeria in 1929. Ibo market women were upset with a number of colonial policies that threatened their economic and social position. In 1929, the women staged a series of protests. The largest protest included more than 10,000 women who had covered their faces with blue paint and carried fern-covered sticks. The women were able to destroy a number of colonial buildings before soldiers stopped the protest, killing more than fifty women in the process. Not surprisingly in contemporary Nigeria, the Aba Women are considered to be national heroes!

RANDOMNESS

RANDOMNESS Nathan Bransford wrote recently about the randomness of bestsellers. In other words, there isnt some magical power that preordains the qualities of a story that breaks records and defies the odds. Sometimes a perfect storm just comes together. Like the mega waves he describes at sea, the ones that appear from nowhere and make a huge impression in that vast, monstrous water, they just happen and cant be fore casted. http://blog.nathanbransford.com/2012/06/randomness-of-bestsellers.html And yet, we keep trying to understand the process. Whats worse,in my opinion, and this is a BIG gripe with me, is that we also bash traditional publishers for producing books that do not do well. Thats talking out of both sides of our mouths. We try to think we can duplicate bestseller status, and really learn how to define the path to such a level, as if there was a manual somewhere. That logic should also mean that if we can predict great books, then we know enough to avoid a bad one. The deal is, people, is that we can only write our best.Publishers can only attempt to predict what will sell. eaders can only pretend to recognize a debut book as a bestseller. The fact is that nobody has mastered how to make a bestseller. There is no HOW TO WRITE A BESTSELLER FOR DUMMIES. Just spoke to someone this week who justified self-publishing Hes only trying to assuage his own conscience, the one thats attempting to rationalize into a hazy reality that he probably has no chance with traditional publishing. So he says theyve lost touch, can no longer produce quality material, thus leaving him no choice but to proceed with self-publishing since it has equal credibility. This is my reality . . . and my explanation of publishing: The more seasoned, experienced people who lay their eyes and hands on your manuscript, the better the book. Note, I did not say traditional or self-published. Multiple layers of review and decision making goes into traditional publishing. If you self-publish, make sure you put the same degree of attention into your manuscript as a traditional publishing house would put into it. Hire editors. Hire a cover designer. Hire a for matter. That is, unless you are experienced yourself. That doesnt mean read instructions and learn as you go. Sure, you CAN learn as you go, but do not go it alone. Youll never see the landmines, no matter how many blog posts you read about the business. This business isnt about randomness. Its about diligence and focus to detail. Nothing is fool-proof. Failure exists. Less than satisfactory happens. But your odds improve the more experience you put into your books development, writing,and promotion. Instead of trying to orchestrate a bestseller, just write your best. Then recognize what you should and should not do. Be daring in your writing. Be grounded in your publishing, no matter which route you take.

Indigenous People - The Ainu essays

Indigenous People - The Ainu essays What are indigenous people, well there in universally accepted definition for indigenous people? There were certain characteristics that are common for indigenous people. Indigenous people tend to live in small populations. They have had their own land for quite some time. There cultural traditions are very strong. They have their own language. Indigenous people live in every part of the world. They can live in cold climates like the Arctic are they can live in the hot Amazon. There are approximately 370 million indigenous people in the world, belonging to 5,000 different groups, in 90 countries worldwide. Each indigenous culture has its own history so it makes it very unique. There many groups around the world I choose to write on the Ainu. Ainu means human The Ainu prayed and performed ceremonies to their gods. They had plant gods animal gods such as bears foxes and many more. The Ainu believed everyday life had examples of their gods including things like the sun the moon and the thunder. Prayers are offered on every occasion. There are plenty of gods in the Ainu cultural they have a god of fire, they have a mountain god the list goes on. Unlike most cultural the Ainu gods are not like we the gods that we know. If a god commits an error the Ainu are allowed to argue with them. There is mutual assistance between the gods and the Ainu. There are good and bad gods in this cultural which is similar to most cultural. The Ainu offers lavish gifts to the gods to please them. They would offer wines, salmon these are supposed to delight the gods and bring good fortune to the Ainu. There is also evil gods who bring diseases and mishaps. There are many ceremonies in this cultural throughout the year. There are ceremonies to send back spirits, ceremonies for ancestors. There is also a ceremony to launch the first fishing event of the year. The most frequent ceremonies of these are the ones that send spirits back. These spirits ...

Thirty Years' War caused by religious tensions Essay

Thirty Years' War caused by religious tensions - Essay Example Perhaps the most significant outcome of the religiously coloured tensions between adherents of the Protestantism and the Roman Catholic Church, that ensued from the actual religious division within Germany, was represented by the devastating Thirty Years' War of 1618-48. Indeed, it is estimated that up to one-third of the German population was lost due to military activities and ensuing diseases and famine. Historians suppose that the pre-war population level was reached only in almost a century after the end of Thirty Years' War. Economy of Germany was also in disarray due to the ruin brought in by the Thirty Years' War, so that the economic deterioration that already was significant in the second half of the 16th was further worsened. The prosperous economies that some German towns had in the late Middle Ages and in the beginning of the 16th century declined, and Germany was about to face a long period of economic depression that would end only in the second half of the 19th centur y (Bonney, 2002, p.74). Considering the long-lasting consequences of the devastating Thirty Years' War, it is important to understand what factors caused its outbreak. We have already mentioned the religious factor, and it is hardly a coincidence that such an important development as the spread of Protestantism preceded the war. But to what extent was the Thirty Years' War caused by religious tensions and to what degree such factors as a struggle for power or for territories within the Holy Roman Empire were involved To answer this question let us overview the historical developments that occurred before the 17th century, and try to establish the link between the religious factor and the causes of the Thirty Years' War. All too often it happens in history that the connection between the studied events that seems to be self-evident is by far not the only explanation but rather just a part of the general picture. In the same vein, the effect that the Protestant Reformation seems to have had on Germany was equally just a part of the story. The other characteristic of the Germany before the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, which is important for our study, was inherited from an earlier time. This characteristic is the so-called German particularism - the presence of numerous states of different types, like free cities, electorates, principalities, and ecclesiastical territories. The roots of this peculiarity of Germany go back to the Carolingian Dynasty (752-911), when Charlemagne's empire was separated into three kingdoms, but in the East Kingdom regional duchies (namely Franconia, Saxony, Bavaria, Swabia, and Lorraine) strengthened and obtained form of small kingdoms. Such eastern subdivision initi ated the German particularism, when territorial sovereigns pursued their particular interests without consideration of interests of the kingdom. When the Carolingian line ended in 911 such duchies were further reinforced because now there was no direct blood heritage of the

Military Crash and Rescue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Military Crash and Rescue - Research Paper Example How do they coordinate efforts with firefighters and local law enforcement? The key purpose of an emergency rescue mission is securing human life and mitigating the damage. This requires proper coordination of efforts. A review of federal requirements on emergency air response indicates that there is a requirement under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations that obliges all Part 139 certified airports to put in place a functioning airport emergency plan to help in hazard mitigation. Air Emergency Given the potential severity of an air disaster, the state of the emergency response in terms of disaster preparedness is of paramount importance. For any kind of air emergency situation, there are designated procedures that guide how the team ought to act. In cases of fire, for instance, there are procedures for evacuating people from the hazard area. In hostage situations, as well, there is a set of designated procedures on securing safety and retrieval of hostages. The State of Florida has put in place a comprehensive air emergency response regime. Florida’s Aviation Emergency Response Guidebook serves as an informational tool for guiding the response team in the event of an emergency (Lenahan, 1998). Sources retrieved from the annals of United States emergency response incidents such as September 11, 2001 indicate that the FAA is the key agency that deals with air emergencies as long as such emergency situations meet the criteria stipulated under 49 CFR 830 Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents or Incidents and Overdue Aircraft, and Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage, Mail, Cargo, and Records. Further research illustrates that there is a round-the-clock aviation safety hotline - (800) 255?1111 - for reporting air emergencies (Barber, 2012). A review of federal requirements on emergence air response indicates that there is a requirement under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations that obliges all Part 139 certified airports to put in place a functioni ng airport emergency plan. Having a responsive emergency plan helps in hazard mitigation since aviation emergencies involve mass casualties. Speed and responsiveness is the most significant measure of suitability in air emergency plans. The goal is to minimize casualties and secure the aircraft (Gabriel, 1985). Mayday Mayday is the commonly accepted international code of distress for aviators and marines. Once an aircraft or passenger plane encounters a technical issue, the pilot notifies airport authorities by placing a call. The designated procedure requires the issuer of the distress to utter the word three times â€Å"Mayday! Mayday! Mayday!† (Thompson, 2011) to specify it is a distress call. The federal emergency code stipulates the procedure through which a civilian aircrafts relaying a mayday call in the United States airspace ought to follow. The designated protocol is â€Å"Mayday, Mayday, Mayday!† followed by the name of station addressed, aircraft type and c all-sign, nature of the distress, present position (in case the aircraft is lost, the last known physical position and time could be useful) weather situation, pilot’s request, flight level/ altitude, remaining amount of fuel remaining, and number of passengers on the plane (Thompson, 2011). The communicator may also add any other useful information to assist in the rescue operation. While this is the designated prot

Abnormal Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Abnormal Psychology - Essay Example It is probably the best illustration ÃŽ ¿f a temperament potentially involved in the etiology ÃŽ ¿f these disorders. The behaviors associated with the behavioral inhibition construct have been demonstrated to be stable over time; these children have been observed to develop an increase in anxiety disorders, particularly social phobia, as they mature. In addition, their relatives have been demonstrated to exhibit more anxiety disorders. Finally, and most pertinent to the articles in this volume, this childhood history has been shown to be predictive ÃŽ ¿f a poorer response to treatment ÃŽ ¿f panic disorder in adulthood. All this evidence suggests that behavioral inhibition, and the highly related separation anxiety in children, can serve as excellent models ÃŽ ¿f temperamental predispositions to anxiety that can probably predict adult anxiety disorders, as well as certain characteristics (e.g., treatment refractoriness) ÃŽ ¿f these disorders. This work "connects" adult anxiety disorders longitudinally to childhood issues, at least at the level ÃŽ ¿f the models we utilize to understand these disorders. In DSM-IV, for the first time, adult anxiety disorders are recognized as beginning in childhood. However, the extent to which adult anxiety disorders begin in childhood is still not determined; research is urgently needed but is difficult because ÃŽ ¿f its longitudinal nature. On the other hand, the evidence suggests that anxiety difficulties can wax and wane through childhood and routate into other problems over time. Also, there is a clear impact ÃŽ ¿f parental behavior on anxiety. Both these issues lead us to broaden our model ÃŽ ¿f these difficulties beyond mere temperament. A model ÃŽ ¿f a genetic predisposition or temperament that invariably, and with little other influence, develops into adult anxiety disorders does not seem to fit the data. Instead, there is strong evidence that different parenting behaviors affect the

Kinds of research data Essay Example for Free

Kinds of research data Essay The basic classification of research data is in terms of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research entails examination of numerical data by using mathematical models and statistical procedures. (Morgan, 2000). Qualitative research involves use of analysis and opinions to explain interviews and documents and understanding the phenomenon. The study requires a qualitative and some quantitative approach rather than a purely numerical one. Data Collection Approaches Data collection approaches can be primary and secondary. Both primary and secondary approaches will be utilized Extensive research will be carried out in the Library as well as on the World Wide Web. Qualitative Research Methodologies Qualitative methodology focuses on quality† a term referring to the essence or ambience of something. Qualitative methods are used to understand complex social phenomena. In the present situation, literature survey along with interviews and questionnaires will be the key techniques used for data collection, collation and analysis. Case-Study Research Methodology. Case study in the primary research methodology employed in this study. A case study is an enquiry which uses multiple sources of evidence. It evaluates a contemporary phenomenon in real life context within the boundaries of the phenomenon and when the context is not clearly evident. Potter, (1996) has defined case study as a â€Å"realistic† methodology, which deals with solid and specific questions. Case study translates research objectives into more researchable problems, and provides rich examples, which are easy to comprehend. The significance of case studies is its revealing the meaning of a phenomenon. A peer group case study approach is considered best suited than other techniques to implement this research, as it will concentrate on an empirical, contemporary problem. It will also enable answering the questions as, â€Å"why† and, â€Å"how† to understand the underlying motivations. It will generate empirical data and interesting information specific to the phenomenon under study. Research cases offer a unique tool to testing theory by examining phenomena which are beyond the traditional statistical approaches. (Potter, 1996). Case study research is useful to the aims because the degree to which a case study produces valid and credible information is generally higher than qualitative research in a more general survey. An analysis of the Chinese and UK banking systems is proposed to be carried out with reference to the case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London. Limitations of Case Study One of the limits of case studies is the difficulty of generalizing their findings. If the case design is sound and if the researcher is careful to be explicit about the phenomenon and the context of the study, then results can be generalized.(Potter, 1996). Another limit of case studies is that they generate a lot of information that needs to be logically handled to strengthen the argument presented in order to develop credible conclusion. Research Instruments Primary data is collected for the research study to answer a specific question. Ways of collecting this kind of information includes surveys, observation or controlled experiments. Surveys are one of the most common ways to collect data, where the subject can be contacted through mail, telephone or directly in personal interviews. (Veal, 2000). It entails sending questionnaires, interviews and non-formal enquiries made to people. By carrying out interviews of a significant number of individuals a broad perspective can be provided. This research will collect data by essentially the method of interviews and questionnaires. Data Collection Method Questionnaire Survey Surveys are frequently used to obtain information about social issues. Jones (1997) has described that survey needs planned strategy to gather data. Surveys can be conducted in many ways, over the telephone, by mail or in person. Questionnaire surveys are ideal for providing complex information. Questionnaire involves a sample of the population which can range from few hundreds to few thousands depending on the research study (Veal, 2000). Questionnaire technique has been used in the study. Limitation of the questionnaires On an average the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, but a key drawback is low response rate. This will result in low level of confidence and distort the analogy of statistical information. Another weakness of questionnaire is the fact that it is a structured format and allows little room for flexibility with respect to reply by the respondents. Interview Interviews will form an interactive part of this study and will be carried out after the secondary research is done in combination with the questionnaire. When doing these interviews it will be important to keep a neutral view of the research topic, where the actual behavior instead of an intended behavior needs to be identified. Veal (2000) has described interview as a strategy to find out from people about the things, which cannot be observed directly.

Determining Macronutrients in Milk Powder

Determining Macronutrients in Milk Powder Stefan Dodunski Mustafa Intro: Proximate analysis, or Weende analysis, is the investigation of different macronutrients in food based on the scheme devised in 1860 by Henneberg and Stohmann in Germany. This analysis was originally devised to duplicate the digestion of animals where the extraction of fat was placed in an acid solution to replicate the acid in the stomach and further by alkaline digestion to replicate the environment in the small intestine. Further to this nitrogen, crude lipid, crude fibre and ash are determined chemically. The determination of crude protein is based and approximated on the nitrogen content. For this project proximate analysis was used to determine percentages of moisture, fat, protein and ash in food. Nitrogen-free extract (NFE), a term used to cover all other material present in the sample, is not measured by proximate analysis but calculated by subtracting from 100, the sum of the percentages of moisture, fat, protein, fibre and ash. NFE represents a rough estimate of soluble carbohydrate and all errors of various determinations are reflected in this calculation. In this experiment total carbohydrate is estimated by difference as many foods are low in fibre and the fraction is often disregarded (Food Chem. for Nutrition Laboratory Manual, 2015). The food industry is highly regulated by government protocols and international standards and policies which ensure appropriate quality control and supply chain management of food products. In order to ensure that food products meet these requirements food analysis of the composition and characteristics of the foods are mandatory. The entire supply chain is monitored and controlled, from raw ingredients, through to production and within the marketplace (Nielson, 2010). Proximate analysis is the general way of estimating food composition and is very adept at comparing foods for nutritive value, legal aspects and blending of various foods in industry. Though this is a general comparison it is not specific to determining a specific substance or compound within a food but only a general estimation of moisture, ash and macronutrients (except alcohol). The determination of a specific substance is called â€Å"ultimate† analysis and is not used in the food industry for general comparisons. Methods of proximate analysis are empirical and are more easily performed and if procedure is done with good precision, can be reproducible (Food Chem. for Nutrition Lab Manual, 2015). Moisture is normally considered to be the material lost by a foodstuff on heating at a temperature around that of boiling water or by allowing the sample to stand over a dehydrating agent or by some similar form of measurement. It is generally considered as water but is actually the total volatile matter lost under these particular conditions. The remaining residue is termed the total solid (Food Chem. for Nutrition Lab Manual, 2015). The moisture content of the samples were determined by using both air-oven method and vacuum-oven methods. The use of a variety of ovens in the food industry are a popular method with the opportunity for various amounts of samples that can be analysed concurrently (Nielson, 2010). However with less precision yields less accurate results as different types of ovens will produce different volumes of moisture. Vacuum ovens are less accurate than air fan forced oven as they have the least amount of variance of heat distributed throughout the oven The protein content of foods is often determined on the basis of total nitrogen content and the Kjeldahl method has been almost universally applied to determine the nitrogen content (Kavanagh, 1981). Nitrogen content is then multiplied by a factor to arrive at protein content. This approach is based on two assumptions: 1. the dietary carbs and fats do not contain nitrogen and 2. nearly all nitrogen in foods is present as amino acids. The factor is based on the ratio of nitrogen to protein on a specific food being analysed. The nitrogen is then used through a conversion factor to determine the amount of protein. In this experiment the conversion factor was 6.38 as milk products have a nitrogen content of 15.67%. During digestion H2SO4 (sulphuric acid), at high temperatures, is used to catalyse the reaction by oxidising the organic matter and combining any ammonium formed. After digestion NaOH is added to make the sample alkaline and distilled and the resulting NH3 in dissolved in bori c acid. The solution is then titrated with HCL which neutralises the ammonium borate and a colour change from green untill red can be seen. The Mojonnier method was used to determine crude fat. The method depends on the partition of the fat between an organic solvent and the aqueous phase. (Food Chem. And Nutrition Lab Manual, 2105). The principle behind this method is that fat is extracted by ethanol and diethyl ether. Petroleum decreases the solubility of the water during the ether phase and diethyl ether serves as a lipid solvent. Ammonium hydroxide and ethanol are also used. Ammonium hydroxide decreased the viscosity of the sample by neutralising the acidity and broke ionic and covalent bonds. Ethanol aids in separation of the ether water phase and prevents the milk form forming a gel. Milk powder and other dairy products need to undergo this process during fat removal due to their tightly bound lipids to proteins, and carbohydrates, making use of simple non-polar solvents inadequate (Neilson, 2010). The ash of a food is the inorganic residue remaining after the organic matter has been burnt away. The ash is representative of all the minerals contained within the powder sample although the inorganic constitutes changes drastically. Metal ions are oxidised to oxides or combined with negatively charged elements. The ash obtained is not necessarily the exact same composition as the mineral matter present in the original food as there may be losses due to volatilisation or some interactions between constitutes. Therefore ash is regarded as the general measure of quality (Food Chem. For Nutrition, 2015). Aim: The aim of this experiment is to determine the total moisture content, nitrogen and crude protein, crude fat and inorganic matter from a specific milk powder. Materials: Proximate 1: Pocket Refractometer Pal-1 by Atago made in Japan Air-Oven Catalogue 240 by Contherm Scientific Company made in New Zealand Burn off Furnace BWF 1100 by Carbolite made in the UK Analytical Balance Machine AE200 by Mettler made in America Electronic Moisture Analyser MA 150 by Sartorius made in Germany Vacuum Oven VOC-300SD by Eleya made in Japan Proximate 2: 2100 Kjeltec Distiller by Foss Analytical made in Denmark Tecator Digestion System by Foss Analytical made in Denmark SuperVario-N Centrifuge by Funke-Gerber made in Germany Analytical Balance Machine AE200 by Mettler made in America Model 330 Boiling Bath by Contherm Scientific Company made in New Zealand Results: References: Nielson, S. S. (2010). Food Analysis. (4th ed.). New York, USA: Springer Retrieved from http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=JM R91MDsiECpg=PA87dq=moisture+content+of+foodhl=ensa=Xei=qeCFUYyTG4aFiAfX 94GYBgsqi=2ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepageq=moisture%20content%20of%20foodf =false Food Chemistry for Nutrition Laboratory Manual. (2015) 151.231 Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University: Palmerston North Kavanagh, F. (1981), Official methods of analysis of the AOAC, 13th ed. Edited by WILLIAM HORWITZ. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1111 N. 19th St., Arlington, VA 22209. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jps.2600700437/abstract http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powdered_milk

Ethical Principles Notes :: Ethics Philosophy PHI Notes

Ethical Principles Notes There are many ethical principles. e.g. a woman has a right to control what happens to her body we should respect life we should do no harm to others we should help others there should be justice in the distribution of resources Some principles are more general than others. So some principles are special cases of more general ones. For instance, the right to control what happens to one's body is a special case of the principle of autonomy, the right to control one's own life. HÃ ©bert identifies 3 main general principles: Autonomy, Beneficence, and Justice. There may be other principles which are not special cases of these, e.g. respecting life. We can generally all agree to general principles, such as autonomy and beneficence. The disagreement comes over cases where the principles conflict, e.g., in abortion right, autonomy conflicts with beneficence. If a principle covers a case, it creates a duty. For example, it a person wishes to do something you disagree with, you have a duty to respect her autonomy. However, duties can be divided into two kinds: "Prima facie" and "Absolute" A prima facie duty is something you should do if there are no stronger reasons for doing something different. Prima facie duties can be trumped by other moral considerations. An absolute duty is something you should do no matter what. Nothing can trump an absolute duty. (There is some dispute about whether any absolute duties exist.) Rights and Duties If a person has a right to X, then she must get X (other things being equal.) If a person has a duty to do Y, then she must do Y (other things being equal). Not all right and wrong can be expressed in terms of rights or duties. But some good actions are not duties. Someone can go above and beyond the call of duty. I can be kind to someone I don't like even though I may have no moral duty to do so. The fact that a person has a right to do Y does not mean that Y is good. Ethical Principles Notes :: Ethics Philosophy PHI Notes Ethical Principles Notes There are many ethical principles. e.g. a woman has a right to control what happens to her body we should respect life we should do no harm to others we should help others there should be justice in the distribution of resources Some principles are more general than others. So some principles are special cases of more general ones. For instance, the right to control what happens to one's body is a special case of the principle of autonomy, the right to control one's own life. HÃ ©bert identifies 3 main general principles: Autonomy, Beneficence, and Justice. There may be other principles which are not special cases of these, e.g. respecting life. We can generally all agree to general principles, such as autonomy and beneficence. The disagreement comes over cases where the principles conflict, e.g., in abortion right, autonomy conflicts with beneficence. If a principle covers a case, it creates a duty. For example, it a person wishes to do something you disagree with, you have a duty to respect her autonomy. However, duties can be divided into two kinds: "Prima facie" and "Absolute" A prima facie duty is something you should do if there are no stronger reasons for doing something different. Prima facie duties can be trumped by other moral considerations. An absolute duty is something you should do no matter what. Nothing can trump an absolute duty. (There is some dispute about whether any absolute duties exist.) Rights and Duties If a person has a right to X, then she must get X (other things being equal.) If a person has a duty to do Y, then she must do Y (other things being equal). Not all right and wrong can be expressed in terms of rights or duties. But some good actions are not duties. Someone can go above and beyond the call of duty. I can be kind to someone I don't like even though I may have no moral duty to do so. The fact that a person has a right to do Y does not mean that Y is good.

California DMV Written Test

California DMV written test #1 1 . It is illegal for a person 21years of age or older to drive with a blood alcohol concentration (bac) that is or higher. a. 0. 08%- Eight hundredths of one percent 2. You must notify DMV within 5 days if you: a. Sell or transfer your vehicle. 3. Highways are typically most slippery: a. When it first starts to rain after a dry spell. 4. A police officer is signaling you to continue driving through a red traffic light. What should you do? a. Do as the officer tells you 5. When planning to pass another vehicle you should: a. Not count on other drivers making room for you. 6.What is the difference between traffic lights with red arrows and those with solid red lights a. You cannot turn on a red arrow, even if you stop first. 7. Which of the following increases your chances of having a collision? a. Continually changing lanes to pass other vehicles. 8. Which of these statements about drugs and driving is true a. Even over-the- counter drugs can impair you r driving. 9. You should allow more space in front of your vehicle when following large trucks because: a. You need the extra room to see around the truck. 10. You may cross double yellow lines to pass another vehicle if the: a.Yellow line next to your side of the road is broken. 11. You must use your seat belt: a. And failure to do so will result in a traffic ticket. 12. Which of these statements is true about road work zones? a. You must â€Å"slow for the cone zone†.. 13. Animals may be transported in the back of a pickup truck only if: a. They are properly secured 14. If you drive slower than the flow of traffic, you will most likely: a. Interfere with traffic and receive a ticket. 15. When changing lanes on a freeway, you should: a. Signal for at least five seconds. 16. You want to pass a bicyclist riding on the tight edge of your lane.You: a. Must not squeeze past the bicyclist. 17. At intersection, crosswalks, and railroad crossings, you should always: a. Look to the s ides of your vehicle. 18. You want to turn left ahead. In the middle of the road there is a lane marked as shown. You must. a. Merge completely into this lane before you make your left turn. 19. This yellow sign means: a. Merging traffic ahead. 20. You are driving on a city street and see an emergency vehicle with flashing lights behind you. What should you do? a. Drive to the edge of the road and stop. 21 . which statement is true about motorcyclists and motorists a. otorcyclists he same rights/responsibilities as other motorists 22. When making a right turn from a highway with two lanes in your direction, you may turn from. a. The lane nearest the curb or edge of the road. 23. Which of these vehicles must stop before crossing railroad tracks? a. Tank truck marked with hazardous materials placards. 24. If you have trouble seeing other vehicles because dust or smoke blowing across the roadway, you should drive slower and turn on your: a. Headlights 25. Large trucks turning right ont o a street with two lanes in each direction: a. Often have to use part of the left lane to complete the turn. . You should not start across an intersection if you know you will block the intersection when the lights turn red: a. Under any circumstances. 27. Pedestrians crossing at corners have the right-of-way: a. Whether or not a crosswalk is marked. 28. Which of the following will help you avoid being hit from behind? a. Decreasing your following distance. 29. You want to make a right turn at the corner. A pedestrian with a guide dog is at the corner ready to cross the street in front of you. Before making your right turn, you should: a. Wait until the person crosses the street. 30.Smoking inside a vehicle when a person younger than 18 years of age is present is: a. Illegal at all times. 31 . You must file a report of Traffic Accident Occurring in California (SR 1) with DMV within 10 days if you: a. Are in a collision that causes $750 in damage. 32. When is it legal to use a cell phone without a hands-free device while driving? a. When making a call for emergency assistance. 33. This white sign means: a. Stay in the right lane if you are driving slower than other traffic. 34. You should use your horn when: a. It may help prevent a collision. 35. You are driving on a one-way street.You may turn left onto another one-way street: a. If traffic on the street is moving to the left. 36. At dawn or dusk, or in rain or snow, it can be hard to see and be seen. A good way to let other drivers know you are there is to turn: a. On your headlights. -rest 1. You must notify DMV within 5 days if you: 2. It is illegal for a person 21years of age or older to drive with a blood alcohol 3. You are driving on a five-lane freeway in the lane closest to the center divider. To exit the freeway on the right you should a. Change lanes one at a time until you are in the proper lane. 4A large truck is driving in the middle ot three lanes. You want to pass the large truck. It is the be st to pass: a. Quickly on the left and move ahead of it. 5. You are driving on a divided street with multiple lanes in your direction if you need to make a U-turn, where should you start? a. In the left lane. 6. When you are in a dedicated turn lane controlled by a green arrow, which of the following is true? a. All oncoming vehicles and pedestrians are stopped by red light. 7. Always look carefully for motorcycles before you make a turn because: a. Their smaller size makes them harder to see. 8.When looking ahead of your vehicle while driving, you should: a. Scan your surroundings. 9. Unless otherwise posted, the speed limit in a residential or business district is: a. 25mph 10. There is one lane in your direction and the vehicle ahead of you often slows down for no apparent reason. In this situation you should: a. Increase the following distance between you and the other vehicle. 11. If an oncoming vehicle has started to turn left in front of you: a. Slow or stop to prevent a coll ision. 12. You should usually drive your vehicle more carefully when you: a. Are near schools, playgrounds, and in residential areas. . This yellow sign means: a. Divided highway ahead. 14. Do not cross double solid yellow lines in the center of the roadway to: a. Pass another vehicle. 15. Where should you stop your vehicle if there is no crosswalk or limit line? a. At the corner. 16. You are approaching an intersection. The traffic signal light is flashing red. What should you do? a. Stop before entering, then proceed when safe. 17. which statement is true about motorcyclists and motorists a. motorcyclists have the same rights/responsibilities as other motorists 18. Use your high-beam headlights at night: a. Whenever it is legal and safe.

Free Essays on Ban Smoking

Ban Smoking in Public Places America is a country that’s based on freedom. People have certain rights as citizens, but those rights are limited if they begin to harm others. For example, people have the right to smoke cigarettes if they want to, but when their smoking is harming others, shouldn’t it be against the law? For many years now, there has been many organizations and governments that have reported secondhand smoke is very harmful to nonsmokers (Secondhand 1). About one thousand or more people die annually in Great Britain because of secondhand smoke (Hope 1). Here in America, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that about 3,000 nonsmokers die each year from lung cancer obtained from being exposed to secondhand smoke (Workplace 1). The American Heart Associations says about 35,000 nonsmokers die each year with heart problems associated with secondhand smoke (Haney 1). Between 150,000 and 300,000 children less than 18 months old get pneumonia or bronchitis due to secondha nd smoke each year (The Truth 1). These numbers are very startling, and there should be something done to try to reduce them. Even after all of the evidence found today, some people still say â€Å"I’m not harming anyone by smoking but myself, so why should you care?† Smoking should be banned all together in public places such as government buildings, stores, restaurants, theaters and workplaces. Health considerations are the number one reason why it should be banned, but banning smoking could also help businesses financially. Restaurants and other places have tried to deal with the smoking issue by assigning certain sections where smoking is allowed and other sections where it is prohibited. All this does is allow people to eat freely without smoke in their face. The smell is still there, the harmful agents are still there, and the workers still have to come directly in contact with it. Also, the tobacco industry has tried to co... Free Essays on Ban Smoking Free Essays on Ban Smoking Ban Smoking in Public Places America is a country that’s based on freedom. People have certain rights as citizens, but those rights are limited if they begin to harm others. For example, people have the right to smoke cigarettes if they want to, but when their smoking is harming others, shouldn’t it be against the law? For many years now, there has been many organizations and governments that have reported secondhand smoke is very harmful to nonsmokers (Secondhand 1). About one thousand or more people die annually in Great Britain because of secondhand smoke (Hope 1). Here in America, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that about 3,000 nonsmokers die each year from lung cancer obtained from being exposed to secondhand smoke (Workplace 1). The American Heart Associations says about 35,000 nonsmokers die each year with heart problems associated with secondhand smoke (Haney 1). Between 150,000 and 300,000 children less than 18 months old get pneumonia or bronchitis due to secondha nd smoke each year (The Truth 1). These numbers are very startling, and there should be something done to try to reduce them. Even after all of the evidence found today, some people still say â€Å"I’m not harming anyone by smoking but myself, so why should you care?† Smoking should be banned all together in public places such as government buildings, stores, restaurants, theaters and workplaces. Health considerations are the number one reason why it should be banned, but banning smoking could also help businesses financially. Restaurants and other places have tried to deal with the smoking issue by assigning certain sections where smoking is allowed and other sections where it is prohibited. All this does is allow people to eat freely without smoke in their face. The smell is still there, the harmful agents are still there, and the workers still have to come directly in contact with it. Also, the tobacco industry has tried to co...

Neighborhood Article Summary Essay Example

Neighborhood Article Summary Essay Example Neighborhood Article Summary Essay Neighborhood Article Summary Essay Neighborhood Article Summary Name: Institution: Instructor: Course: Date: Neighborhood Article Summary ED Sees Critical Capacities Unsafe conditions were cited in the Neighborhood Hospital. Cases of over staffing were reported . The overstaffing has led to hazardous conditions that interfere with the safety of the staffers. The health facility is flooded with patients suffering from ailments that can easily be treated at home. However, because of a dearth in alternative health care compels them to seek medical attention in the center. According to Dr. Gordon, it is evident that the region lacks adequate health facilities to carter for the destitute and low-income members of the society (Johnson, 2012). Dr. Gordon suggested that there was an urgent need to create awareness among the members of the society concerning symptoms and treatment of common ailments and injuries. He argued that majority of the patients who visit the health institutions have conditions that could receive treatment at home. An increase in the capacity of hospitals has compelled the patients to visit the health institution for minor injuries and ailments. The patients were forced to waist for more than six hours to receive medical attention (Johnson, 2012). Public Health Issues In the article, Dr. Gordon addresses a number of public health concerns. These concerns are accessibility to effective health care, mass awareness on common health ailments, overstaffing in health institutions and hazardous working conditions for health workers. These issues were represented in the various situations that surrounded the Neighborhood Hospital. These issues are of public concern because they affect the well-being of the members of the society. One concern that Dr. Gordon raises is that there is a dearth of adequate medical facilities to carter for the population of the region. The doctor elaborates further that this lack of adequate medical facilities is detrimental to the treatment of the less privileged members of the society. The government was charged with mandate of providing health care to its population. The human labor is the most important resource of a nation, and it is the government’s obligation to subsidies costs of health care. The less privileged members of the society should receive attention because their social and economic status creates inequity in their resource accessibility. The masses should receive education on the general illnesses and injuries that occur frequently. This awareness will help members of the community not only to avoid the common illness and but to also treat and manage them in case of their occurrence. The Neighborhood Hospital is experiencing an influx of patients because of their inability to treat and manage common ailments. Educating the masses will help to cut down on the costs of treating common illnesses. Creation of awareness will also allow the staff at the medical centers to focus on the urgent cases that require immediate medical attention. Dr. Gordon reported that the staff at Neighborhood Hospital was more than the required number and apart from this, the staff received exposure to hazardous working conditions. It is the responsibility of a company’s management to ensure that its employees work in favorable conditions. The health of the employees should be a priority of the employers. Exposure of the employees to conditions that put their health at risk will subsequently affect their input in the workplace. This will be detrimental to the health care that the patients receive at the health centers. Over staffing at the health facility worsens the working conditions. The result is overcrowding and sharing of limited resources. This will impede the performance of the health care givers. Smoking Breaks a Thing Of The Past The breaks that many companies and social institutions are giving employees are slowly fading away. This is because of the controversies that arose concerning the need for smokers to receive breaks. Smoking is not a disability that requires special attention and therefore that rationality behind the breaks was lost. The breaks taken by the employees can be legally regulated by the employer. This implies that the idea of employees ding away with the smoking breaks is quite feasible. The strings attached to the breaks given to the employee are dictated by the employer (Johnson, 2012). Public Health Issue The public health issue that has been addressed is that of smoking cessation. The effects of tobacco on the public are the driving force behind these efforts. Antismoking programs were extended to the office set up. The management of companies is being encouraged to adopt systems that discourage smoking during the work routine. The government has also been receiving pressure to allocate funds of tobacco cessation. This was because of the rise in tobacco related illness that was burdening the country’s economy. These efforts will aid in the protection of passive smokers and the active smokers themselves. Second hand smoking is known to be the cause of many premature deaths and illnesses. Reference List Johnson, G. (2012). The Neighborhood News. Pearson Health Science. Retrieved from: http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/chet/chet_neighborhood/demo/week7_news.html